How Do You Apply for OPT?
Quick Answer
To apply for OPT, request an OPT recommendation from your Designated School Official (DSO), receive an updated I-20 with the OPT endorsement, then file Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) with USCIS along with supporting documents, photos, and the filing fee. The entire process typically takes 2 to 5 months from filing to receiving your EAD card.
Key Takeaway
Start the OPT application process with your DSO at least 90 days before your program end date, and file Form I-765 with USCIS as early as possible to minimize wait times.
Step 1: Request OPT Recommendation from Your DSO
The first step in the OPT application process is to contact your Designated School Official (DSO) at your university's international student office. The DSO will verify your eligibility, confirm your major field of study, and recommend OPT in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). Once the recommendation is entered, the DSO will issue an updated Form I-20 that reflects the OPT recommendation.
Before meeting with your DSO, gather the necessary information including your preferred OPT start date, your program end date, and any previous CPT or OPT usage. Many universities require students to attend an OPT workshop or complete an online module before the DSO will process the recommendation. Check with your international student office for specific requirements and processing timelines.
The DSO recommendation must be made before USCIS will accept your I-765 application. The I-20 with the OPT recommendation serves as a critical supporting document for your filing. Without it, USCIS will reject your application.
Step 2: File Form I-765 with USCIS
After receiving your updated I-20, you must file Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) with USCIS. The application can be filed online through your USCIS account or by mail. Online filing is generally faster and allows you to track your case status more easily. The filing fee is required at the time of submission and is non-refundable.
Along with Form I-765, you must submit several supporting documents: a copy of your I-20 with the OPT recommendation, passport-style photographs, a copy of your most recent I-94 arrival record, copies of any previously issued EAD cards, a copy of your passport biographical page, and your F-1 visa stamp. The exact requirements may vary, so always consult the most current USCIS instructions for Form I-765.
- Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization)
- Updated I-20 with OPT recommendation from DSO
- Two passport-style photographs
- Copy of passport biographical page and F-1 visa stamp
- Copy of most recent I-94 arrival/departure record
- Copies of any previously issued EAD cards
- Filing fee (check USCIS website for current amount)
Step 3: Wait for USCIS Processing
After filing, USCIS will issue a receipt notice (Form I-797C) confirming they received your application. Processing times for OPT applications typically range from 2 to 5 months, though times vary by service center and filing volume. You can check the status of your application online using the receipt number on your I-797C notice.
While your application is pending, you may not begin working unless you have another valid work authorization. There is no premium processing option available for OPT applications, so students must plan for the possibility of a lengthy wait. If your case has been pending beyond normal processing times, you may submit a case inquiry or contact your congressional representative's office for assistance.
Once approved, USCIS will mail your Employment Authorization Document (EAD card) to the address on file. Make sure your mailing address is current and notify USCIS of any address changes promptly. The EAD card is the physical proof of your work authorization and must be presented to employers.
You cannot begin working until you have your EAD card in hand and your OPT start date has arrived—regardless of your application approval status.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Several common errors can delay or jeopardize your OPT application. Filing outside the allowable window (more than 90 days before or 60 days after your program end date) will result in a denial. Submitting incorrect or outdated forms, failing to sign the application, or using photographs that do not meet USCIS specifications can also cause delays. Always double-check your application for accuracy before submitting.
Another frequent mistake is not coordinating with your DSO in time. DSOs often have their own processing timelines—sometimes requiring 2 to 4 weeks to prepare the OPT recommendation and issue the updated I-20. Starting the process early ensures you can file with USCIS within the optimal window and gives you the best chance of receiving your EAD card before you need to start working.